U.S. and China reach landmark audit deal in boon for Chinese tech companies

HONG KONG/WASHINGTON, Aug 26 (Reuters) – Beijing and Washington took a major step on Friday towards ending a dispute that threatened to boot Chinese companies, including Alibaba, from U.S. stock exchanges, signing a pact to allow U.S. regulators to vet accounting firms in China and Hong Kong.

U.S. regulators have for more than a decade demanded access to audit papers of U.S.-listed Chinese companies, but Beijing has been reluctant to let overseas regulators inspect its accounting firms, citing national security concerns. read more .

The deal marks a thaw in U.S.-China relations and comes as a huge relief for hundreds of Chinese companies, their investors and U.S. exchanges, giving China the chance to retain access to the world’s deepest capital markets if it works in practice.

If not, some 200 Chinese companies could be banned from U.S. exchanges, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler said. The agency has previously identified Alibaba Group , JD.Com Inc , and NIO INC among those at risk.

Announcing the deal, U.S. officials struck a cautious note, warning it was just a first step and that their view on China’s compliance would be determined by whether they are able to conduct their inspections unobstructed, as the deal promises.

“Make no mistake though: The proof will be in the pudding,” said Gensler. “This agreement will be meaningful only if the PCAOB actually can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in China.”

Still, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), which oversees audits of U.S.-listed companies, said it was the most detailed and prescriptive agreement the regulator has ever reached with China.

The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) said the agreement was an important step towards addressing the auditing issue.

In principle, the deal appears to have given the PCAOB what it has long-demanded, namely full access to Chinese audit working papers with no redactions, the right to take testimony from audit company staff in China, and sole discretion to select which companies it inspects. read more

U.S. officials said they had notified the selected companies on Friday morning, and expected to land in Hong Kong, where the inspections will take place, by mid-September.

REGULATORY NEEDS

The long-running dispute came to a head in 2020 when U.S. Congress passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which forced the SEC to take a tougher hand with U.S.-listed Chinese companies. The SEC finalized rules implementing the law in December and began identifying companies this year, starting the clock ticking on potential delistings.

Friday’s agreement comes despite inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing following House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, which China claims as its own territory. read more

The Chinese securities regulator said keeping Chinese companies listed in the United States benefited investors, companies and both countries.

“If cooperation afterwards satisfies each side’s regulatory needs, there is hope that the audit issue will be resolved, and passive delisting will be avoided,” the CSRC said in a statement.

U.S. rules stipulate that if China is not found to be in compliance, its companies could be barred from U.S. exchanges by early 2024, but that deadline could be brought forward. Gensler said Chinese companies still faced delisting if the inspections were obstructed.

The PCAOB and SEC expect to make a determination on China’s compliance by the end of the year, officials said.

“This is seen as a positive first step. However, things are not fully cast in stone yet,” said Samuel Siew, market specialist at CGS-CIMB.

Major Chinese companies listed in the United States rose in premarket trading, with Alibaba up 2.6%, Pinduoduo (PDD.O) gaining nearly 6% and Baidu Inc up 3.3%, before succumbing to the broad sell-off on Wall Street on concerns over Federal Reserve rate hikes. read more

“This agreement is an important development for the global economy and our U.S. capital markets, which remain preeminent largely because of their ability to balance investor protections and access to the world’s leading companies,” Lynn Martin, president of the New York Stock Exchange said in a statement.

CHALLENGES AHEAD

PCAOB officials said the inspections would be conducted in Hong Kong due to strict COVID-related restrictions in China, with the option to move to the mainland in future.

Reuters reported earlier that Beijing told some U.S. listed Chinese firms and their auditors to prepare the transfer of audit documents and staff to Hong Kong. read more

Kai Zhan, senior counsel at Chinese law firm Yuanda, said the agreement shows “both sides have strong wills to solve” the dispute although there were still challenges.

“Cooperation has not completely broken down despite the Sino-U.S. rivalry,” said Zhan, who specializes in areas including capital markets and U.S. sanction compliance.

“In implementation, both sides could easily clash on some technical details, so uncertainty remains.”

Reporting by Samuel Shen in Shanghai; Scott Murdoch, Xie Yu, Julie Zhu and Selena Li in Hong Kong, Michelle Price in Washington, Tom Westbrook in Singapore. Additional reporting by John McCrank; Editing by Tomasz Janowski, Kirsten Donovan

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